읽고 읽고 (독/영)

Japanese react furiously to North Korean missile launch

Japan is looking for answers after North Korea's launch of a ballistic missile that crossed over the country's north. Prime Minister Abe said the incident presented a "grave threat." Julian Ryall reports from Tokyo.

The Japanese government called for an emergency meeting of the United Nations Security Council to seek a more exacting punishment on North Korea for its latest missile test on Tuesday that has significantly raised tensions in Northeast Asia.

US Ambassador to the United Nations Nikki Haley on Tuesday condemned the launch of a rocket across Japan as "absolutely unacceptable and irresponsible," and said the UN Security Council now needed to take "some serious action."

Meanwhile, US President Donald Trump said the launch would only serve to isolate North Korea and said no action was being ruled out. "All options are on the table," said Trump.

Political leaders in Japan, as well as the public, would welcome any move to make Pyongyang more accountable for actions that they say no other nation would tolerate.

The government's anger is shared by the Japanese public, with ordinary citizens insisting that the regime of Kim Jong Un has shown time and again that it cannot be trusted to behave reasonably and that more drastic measures are now called for.

Ordinary Japanese feel threatened

"By the time I saw the alert on my mobile phone this morning it was clear that it had already gone over Hokkaido, but what would have happened if it had disintegrated over the land instead of over the ocean?" Makoto Watanabe, an associate professor at Hokkaido Bunkyo University, told DW.

"And now that they have done this once, what is to stop them doing it again? In my mind, Japan and the rest of the international community have to be much firmer from now on," he added.

Issei Izawa, a university student, told DW that Kim Jong Un is attempting to take advantage of US President Donald Trump's domestic problems and remains convinced that China would not approve the overthrow of his regime because it could lead to a reunified Korea that is allied to the US. All of which leaves him in a relatively strong position.

"But this cannot go on," he said. "There have been five nuclear tests so far and there are reports that they are planning another one. And now the missiles are flying directly over Japan."

 Drastic solutions?

"No other country would tolerate that and it is unreasonable for North Korea to do so," added Izawa. "I think that the international community really needs to come together to put new sanctions into place and to make sure that they have the effect of making Kim see sense at last."

Others, however, are proposing more drastic solutions, in part because they sense a gradual acceptance in the US administration of North Korea as a nuclear power.

"Conservatives in Japan are worried about those in the US who are proponents of an appeasement policy towards the North," Ken Kato, director of Human Rights in Asia and a member of the International Coalition to Stop Crimes Against Humanity in North Korea, told DW.

Former director of US National Intelligence James Clapper, for example, said in an address to the Council on Foreign Relations last year that "the notion of getting the North Koreans to denuclearize is probably a lost cause. They are not going to do that. It is their ticket to survival."

Similarly, in an interview with the New York Times, former US Ambassador to the UN Susan Rice said, "History shows that we can, if we must, tolerate nuclear weapons in North Korea in the same way we tolerated the far greater threat of thousands of Soviet nuclear weapons during the Cold War."

Kato disagreed with these assertions and said that the North Korean regime is known for its belligerence rather than willingness for appeasement.

"These appeasers ignore the fact that North Korea has not in the past, and will not in the future, keep the promises that it makes," Kato said. "And that means that people like me living in Tokyo could be killed when North Korea perfects a hydrogen bomb in a few years' time. And it will be the same for people living in Los Angeles and other major cities in the US."

As a consequence, Kato believes that more and more people in Japan are reaching the conclusion that "we need our own nuclear weapons to protect ourselves. And if the US capitulates to North Korea, then I think that they will be a majority."

ballistic missile          탄도미사일 

rule out                   배제하다 The proposed solution was ruled out as too expensive.

call for                    ~를 청하다, 필요로 하다 The situation calls for prompt action.

disintegrate              해체되다 붕괴되다 The plane disintegrated as it fell into the sea.

associate professor    부교수 (full professor 정교수, adjunct professor 겸임교수, 

                             visiting professor 초빙교수, honorary[emeritus] professor 명예교수)

overthrow                전복시키다 타도하다 The president was overthrown in a military coup.

gradual                   점진적인 Recovery from the disease is very gradual.

proponent of sth       지지자 a proponent of women’s rights

appeasement            완화, 유화정책 (appease 달래다, 요구를 들어주다 appease critics of the regime)

assertions                주장  Do you have any evidence to support your assertions?

assert                     주장하다, 확고히하다 assert your independence

belligerence             호전성, 투쟁성 The victory was built on belligerence

belligerent               적대적인, 공격적인 the belligerent countries(교전국들)

capitulate                굴복하다 They were finally forced to capitulate to the terrorists' demands.

Words you need to understand Christmas in Germany

독일 크리스마스를 이해하려면 알아야 할 단어들

Vorfreude

Strangely, there is no English word to directly translate "Vorfreude," which expresses "joyful anticipation." The German saying, "Vorfreude ist die schönste Freude," reminds us that anticipation is the greatest joy. Children learn quickly enough that their impossible list of wishes will not always get fulfilled. The fun part is that they can still happily hope it will - maybe - next year.

이상하게도, "Vorfreude"를 바로 나타낼 영단어가 없다, 즐거운 기대라는 뜻이다. "즐거운 기대는 가장 아름다운 기쁨이다" 라는 독일 문장은 기대함이 큰 기쁨임을 상기시킨다. 어린이들은 그들의 엄청난 소원 목록들이 항상 이루어지는 것은 아니라는 것을 금새 배운다. 재미있는 것은 아직 어린이들은 혹시 내년엔, 하고 즐거운 희망을 가질 수 있다는 것이다.

Plätzchen

A good way to sweeten the long (but joyful) wait until Christmas is with cookies. The ones Germans bake are called "Plätzchen," which literally translates as "little place." "Platz" (place) is also dialect for "flat cake," so Plätzchen are just a smaller version of those. And we'll always have a little spot left to eat one or two more of them, no matter how full we are.

크리스마스를 향한 길고 긴(하지만 즐거운) 기다림을 달콤하게 만드는 것은 쿠키이다. 독일에선 Plätzchen을 굽는 데, "작은 곳"이라는 의미이다. Platz(장소)는 평평한 케익이라는 뜻으로도 쓰이며 Plätzchen 은 작은 크기의 장소라는 뜻이다. 그리고 우린, 아무리 배가 부른 상황에서도 이 것 한 두개 정도는 먹을 배는 남겨둘 것이다.

Lametta

In a classic 1978 Christmas sketch by German comedian Loriot, a grandpa complains, "Früher war mehr Lametta!," (There used to be more tinsel!). The couple decorating the Christmas tree explains that they now prefer ecological decorations. Tinsel was invented in Nuremberg around 1610. It was originally made with real strands of silver, and later lead - until that was discovered to be poisonous.

1978년 독일 코메디언 로이옷이 그린 그림에, 할아버지가 "Früher war mehr Lametta!"(예전엔 트리 장식이 더 많았는데!) 라고 불평한다. 커플이 크리스마스 트리를 장식하며 이제는 친환경 장식들을 선호한다고 설명한다. 틴슬장식은 1610년 누렘베억에서 만들어졌는데, 실제 은줄로 만들어졌다가 나중에 납으로 바뀌었다 - 납이 독성이라는 사실이 밝혀지기 전까지.

Krippenspiel

Even non-religious families often go to church on Christmas Eve. After all, the whole party was invented because Jesus was born, and that's something children should at least know before overdosing on sugar and presents. Most services that night include a nativity play, or "Krippenspiel," where children recreate the events that led us, over 2,000 years later, to continue celebrating Christmas.

신실하지 않은 가족들도 크리스마스 이브에는 종종 교회에 간다. 어찌되었든 예수의 탄생으로 큰 행사가 만들어졌고, 아이들이 설탕과 선물에 취하기 전에 기본적으로 배워야 될 것 중 하나이다. 이브날 예배에는 성탄연극 "Krippenspiel" 도 진행하는데, 어린이들이 2000년 후에도 우리가 크리스마스를 축하하도록 한 바로 그 사건을 재구성 하는 연극이다.

Christkind

In some parts of Germany, and in different European countries, it's not Santa Claus who brings the presents under the tree without being seen, but rather the Christkind, represented as a blond angel with wings. Santa Claus started taking over in the mid-20th century, since he was represented in US films. Many German children still send their list of wishes to the Christkind - just to be sure.

독일 일부지역과, 다른 유럽 국가에서 나무 아래에 아무도 모르게 선물을 가져다 놓는 이는 산타클로스가 아니다. 날개를 가진 금색 천사로 표현되는 크리스트킨트이다. 산타클로스로 대체되기 시작한 것은 20세기 중반 미국영화에 출연하면서 부터이다. 많은 독일 어린이들은 여전히 소망을 적어 크리스트킨트에게 보낸다 - 확실히 하기 위해.

Bescherung

This is definite proof that Germans are more precise with their Christmas vocabulary: "Bescherung" concisely refers to the moment during which gifts are exchanged on Christmas Eve. When they add the adjective "beautiful" to that word, as in "schöne Bescherung," it can ironically mean "what a mess." That was the title of the German version of the comedy "National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation."

이 것은 독일인이 크리스마스 단어에 좀 더 정확성을 기한다는 것에 대한 확실한 증거이다. Bescherung 은 크리스마스 이브에 선물을 교환하는 바로 그 순간을 간결히 표현하는 단어이다. "아름다운"이라는 형용사를 더하면, 우습게도 "엉망진창이네"라는 의미가 될 수 있다. 독일식 코메디 "내셔널 람푼즈 크리스마스 휴가"의 제목이기도 했다.

Huftgold

This is not exclusively a word for the Christmas season, but it's certainly a glittering German expression: "Hüftgold" (Hip gold) is what you might develop, like this gingerbread man, after spending several days feasting. It's the equivalent of "love handles." Go ahead, enjoy all those delicious Christmas treats. Those extra pounds will make your hips shine.

이 단어는 크리스마스때만 쓰는 것은 아니지만 확실히 눈에 띄는 독일식 표현이다. (황금엉덩이)는 진저맨같이 며칠간 과식을 하게 되면 늘어나는 부위이다. 러브핸들 (접히는 뱃살)과 동일한 뜻이다. 맛있는 크리스마스 요리를 실컷 즐겨라! 늘어난 몇 파운드는 당신의 엉덩이를 더욱 빛나게 할 것이다.

Heiligabend

Gifts are traditionally exchanged on Christmas Eve, called in German "Heiligabend" (literally, holy evening). Christmas itself translates as "Weihnachten," which is derived from ancient Germanic dialect and means the holy nights. The term is plural, as the celebration was traditionally one that covered 12 days. Now in Germany it runs from the evening of December 24 through December 26.

선물은 전통적으로 크리스마스 이브, 독일어로 Heiligabend (성스러운 밤),에 교환한다. 크리스마스는 Weihnachten 으로 번역되고 고대 게르만 언어 성스러운 밤들에서 유래되었다. 복수 단어인 이유는 전통적으로 12일동안 축하를 했기 때문이다. 독일은 현재 12월 24일 저녁부터 12월 26일까지 축하한다.

Raunächte

Although the exact dates differ from one region to the other, usually, the "Raunächte" correspond to the period known as the 12 Days of Christmas, from December 25 to January 6, ending with the Christian feast of Epiphany. In Germanic mythology, during this special period of the year, animals were said to be able to predict the future and demons could pay a visit at any time.

정확한 날자는 문화마다 다르겠지만 일반적으로 "Raunächte"는 12월 25일 부터 1월 6일까지 12일간의 성탄절을 뜻하며 예수공현절 만찬으로 끝낸다. 게르만 신화에 따르면 이 기간 동안에는 동물들이 미래를 예측할 수 있고 악마가 어느 순간이던 나타날 수 있다고 하였다.

Morgenland

Epiphany is the celebration also known as Three Kings's Day, when the Wise Men came "from the Orient" bearing precious gifts for Jesus. In German, they're called "Die Weisen aus dem Morgenland." Martin Luther coined the term "Morgenland" in his translation of the Bible. The word is now an outdated way to refer to the Middle East or Far East.

예수공현절은 세 왕의 날로도 불리우는데, 동방박사들이 아기예수를 위해 값진 선물을 마련한다. 독일에서는 그들을 "Die Weisen aus dem Morgenland"라고 부른다. 마틴 루터가 성경을 번역하며 "Morgenland"라는 단어를 만들었다. 이 단어는 중동이나 극동을 부르는 구식의 단어이다.

Author: Elizabeth Grenier

원문 : 

http://www.dw.com/en/words-you-need-to-understand-christmas-in-germany/a-36650001

How Berlin is upholding animal rights

베를린에서의 동물인권 보호

"We don't want to be part of your selfish world," says one animals rights activist in Berlin. 

"이기적인 세상의 일부가 되지 않겠어요" 베를린의 한 동물인권운동가가 외쳤다.

DW's Gero Schliess explored how animals are treated and cared for in Berlin - and decided to change his meat buying habits.

DW의 게로 슐리스씨는 베를린에서 어떻게 동물들이 다뤄지는지를 알게된 후 육류 소비습관을 바꾸기로 결심했다.

Why do people found societies for the prevention of cruelty to animals? "To protect animals from humans," is the answer I heard many times over at a recent gala event celebrating the 175th anniversary of Berlin's Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.

왜 사람들이 동물학대를 방지하는 협회를 만들었을까? "사람으로부터 동물을 보호하려고"  베를린동물학대방지협회 175주년 기념행사에서 내가 가장 많이 들은 답변이다.

The phrase still resounds in my mind. 

이 문장은 아직도 내 마음에 남아있다.

It's a straightforward, clear sentence, but at the same time, it's a highly explosive accusation that holds such disappointment concerning the human race. 

직선적이고 군더더기 없는 문장이지만, 한편으로는 인류에 대한 깊은 실망감을 지니고 있는 상당히 격렬한 비난이기도 하다.

I wonder what's wrong with us humans that animals need protection from us.

우리 인간이 무엇을 그리 잘못해서 동물들을 우리로부터 보호해야 하는 것일까.

Tribunal on the stage 

무대에서의 재판

I certainly never expected the yawning abyss that lurked behind the invitation to the animal protection gala.

사실 동물보호행사의 초대 뒷편에 도사리고 있던 큰 구렁텅이를 예상하지 못했다

As I made my way across town to the Friedrichstadtpalast venue in downtown Berlin, I reminisced about the contented, purring cat my family had when I was a child. I was looking forward to a fun evening.

베를린 시내를 가로질러 프리드리히슈타트팔라스트로 가는 길에, 어릴 적 우리 집에서 키우던 만족스럽게 가르랑거리던 고양이를 추억했다. 즐거운 저녁을 기대하고 있었다.

Usually the site of lively shows, the huge stage at Friedrichstadtpalast had, however, become a platform for a tribunal. Factory farming, animal testing, cruelty to animals - suddenly, these buzzwords came alive to me, taking on a painful urgency. 

프리드리히슈타트팔라스트에는 큰 스테이지가 있어 평소 공연장으로 쓰였는데, 재판을 위한 장소가 되어있었다. 공장형 농장, 동물실험, 동물학대 - 갑자기 이런 용어가 생생하게 다가왔고 고통스러운 절박함으로 느껴졌다.

Backed by images of mishandled pigs, German folk music singer Stefajie Hertel sang "A pig's dignity is inviolable" - which would have been very funny on the comedy stage next door. Here, I choked on my laughter.

학대당한 돼지 사진 뒤로 독일민속음악가수 슈테파이 헤르텔이 "불가침의 돼지의 존엄성"이라는 노래를 불렀다. 옆 공연장 희극무대였다면 매우 웃겼을 노래였지만 나는 목에 웃음이 걸린 듯 답답했다.

(생략)

원문 : http://www.dw.com/en/how-berlin-is-upholding-animal-rights/a-36689343

Travel guides: print editions still popular

여행책자 : 출판본 여전히 인기

Traditional travel guides are still popular despite the increased use of apps, blogs, and e-books. But many companies that publish travel guides are going digital.

앱, 블로그, 전자책의 사용 증가에도 불구하고 여행서적은 여전히 인기가 있다. 그러나 여행책 출판업체들은 디지털화 되고있다.

Imagine you're travelling at sea or in the mountains. There's no electricty or internet connection. Uta Niederstraßer, from of theMairDumont publishing group, says that in those situations, the print edition of a travel book comes in really handy.

산이나 바다를 여행하고 있다고 상상해보라. 전기나 인터넷없이 말이다. MairDumont publishing group의 Uta Niederstraßer씨는 그럴 때 여행책자가 정말 유용하다고 말한다.

MairDumont is Europe's leading publisher of travel guides and maps. The company's annual turnover is about 100 million euros (almost $100 million). MairDumont's brands include Marco Polo, DuMont, the German version of Lonely Planet, Stefan Loose, and Falkplan - plus a brand that has become synonymous with travel guides: Baedeker.

여행책자와 지도 출판하는 MairDumont사는 유럽 선두업체로, 연 매출 1억유로(거의 1억불) 규모이다. MairDumont사의 브랜드는 마르코폴로, 두몬트, 독일판 론니플래닛, 스테판루스와 팔크플란 등이 있고, 추가로 여행책자와 동의어가 되어버린 베데커가 있다.

Devotion to detail

세부사항에 전념

The first Baedeker guide was published in 1832 - and since then, these travel guides have set the standard for accuracy and reliability. The founder of the company that bears his name, Karl Baedeker, was a stickler for detail.

초판 베데커는 1832년 출판되었고, 그 후 이 여행책은 정확성과 신뢰도의 기준이 되어왔다. 자신의 이름을 지닌 회사의 창립자 칼 베데커는 꼼꼼했다.

For example, when Baedeker was doing research on the staircase to the roof of Milan Cathederal, he counted the number of steps, transferring a dried pea from his waistcoat pocket to a pocket in his trousers every 20 steps. Baedeker's travel guides provided not only detailed descriptions of tourist attractions, but also practical information on local transit systems and hotels. That's what made them so successful.

예를 들어, 베데커가 밀라노성당의 지붕까지 올라가는 계단을 조사할 때, 20계단마다 말린콩을 조끼주머니에서 바지주머니로 옮겨가며 계단을 세었다. 베데커의 여행책자는 관광명소 상세내용 뿐만 아니라 호텔, 교통편 등 실용적 정보도 제공하였다. 이 것이 성공요인이었다.

But nowadays you can find all the latest travel data quickly on the internet - so why do people still use printed versions of travel guides?

그런데 이제 인터넷을 통해 최신의 여행정보를 빠르게 찾을 수 있다 – 왜 사람들은 아직도 여행책자를 이용할까?

Reliability is everything

신뢰도가 전부

These days, more and more travelers rely on recommendations from friends and colleagues. Maria Anna Hälker, editor-in-chief of DuMont's travel guide division, likes this trend. Hälker specializes in writing about Madrid and Andalusia. When she's looking for a good hotel or restaurant, she's more likely to talk to friends than to rely on evaluation websites such as tripadvisor.de. Of course, she checks out all the recommendations herself - because the most important quality of her reviews is reliability.

점점 많은 여행객들이 친구나 동료의 추천에 의지하고 있다. 두몬트 여행책부서 수석에디터 마리아 안나 핼커는 이런 흐름이 좋다. 핼커는 마드리드와 안달루시아 관련 글을 전문으로 쓴다. 그녀는 좋은 호텔이나 음식점을 찾을 때 트립어드바이저 같은 평점사이트보다 친구들에게 물어보는 것을 선호한다. 당연히 모든 추천에 대해 그녀 스스로 알아본다 – 그녀의 리뷰에 있어 신뢰도가 가장 중요하기 때문이다.

원본기사 : http://www.dw.com/en/travel-guides-print-editions-still-popular/a-36086202

소요시간 : 15분

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